Keywords
Annemarie Schimmel
Religious Experience
Islamic Studies
Abstract
This study aims to analyze and explore the phenomenological approach in Islamic Studies from the perspective of Annemarie Schimmel, as well as her contribution to Islamic Studies. It aims to offer a deeper understanding of Islamic beliefs, practices, and spiritual experiences. The research uses a literature review (library research) with a historical figure study approach. The researcher collected data from scientific articles, journals, books, and relevant documents, which were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using content analysis. The findings of this study reveal that Schimmel's phenomenology is an approach that seeks to understand and penetrate the essence of religion by first examining its phenomena and then delving into the deeper layers of human responses to God until reaching the most profound sacred essence of each religion the centre, the divine, or Deus absconditus. This approach aims to interpret the meaning of Islamic teachings as understood and experienced by its followers rather than based on preconceived notions or the researcher's observations. In practice, this approach employs the concentric ring model theory, which helps create a more empathetic and objective understanding of the religious experiences of Muslims. This theory can serve as a valuable tool for interfaith dialogue and enhancing the image of Islam in the Western world.
References
Abdullah, M. A. (2015). Studi Agama: Normativitas atau Historisitas? Pustaka Pelajar.
Alfian, M. T., Herningrum, I., & Bahri, M. F. (2020). Pendekatan Fenomenologi Dalam Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Richard C. Martin. Journal Istighna, 3(2), 169–180. https://ejournal.uca.ac.id/index.php/istighna/article/view/66
Asdlori, A. (2023). Phenomenological Approaches In Religious Studies. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 11(06), 1404–1409. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i06.sh01
Babullah, R., Yurna, Fauziah, S. U., Direja, U. N., & Nur, N. (2023). Islam Dan Studi Agama-Agama: Telaah Atas Buku Approaches To Islam In Religious Studies Karya Ricard C. Martins. Concept, 2(3), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.55606/concept.v2i3.544
Bhat, S. A. (2022). Dr. Annemarie Schimmel on Sheikh and Salik Relationship in Sufism: A Study. RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary, 7(4), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i04.004
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2011). Choosing a mixed methods design. In Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (pp. 53–106). Sage Publications, Inc.
Dodi, L. (2018). Antara Spiritualitas Dan Realitas Tarekat Shiddiqiyyah Dalam Bingkai Fenomenologi Annemarie Schimmel. Prosiding Nasional, 1, 29–54. https://doi.org/10.17977/um019v6i1p101-110
Dr Siddiq Ali Chishti, & Sharafat Ali Khan. (2023). Annemarie Schimmel: A Study of her Life and Academic Quest for understanding Islam and Muslim Culture. Al-Qamar, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.53762/alqamar.06.01.e01
Edi Sungkowo. (2022). Fazlur Rahman’s Concept of Thought “Islam and Modernity.” International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 10(06), 1133–1137. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i6.sh01
Ekeke, E. C., & Ekeopara, C. A. (2010). Phenomenological approach to the study of religion: A historical perspective. Journal European Journal of Scientific Research, 44(2), 266–274.
Hafidz, A. (2019a). Fenomenologi Annemarie Schimmel: Telaah terhadap Kontribusi Annemarie Schimmel dalam Mengintegrasikan Normativitas dan Historisitas dalam Studi Islam Kontemporer. Proceedings of Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars, 3(1), 994–1002. https://proceedings.kopertais4.or.id/index.php/ancoms/article/view/313%0A
Hasbiansyah, O. (2018). Pendekatan Fenomenologi: Pengantar Praktik Penelitian dalam Ilmu Sosial dan Komunikasi. Jurnal Mediator, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.29313/mediator.v9i1.1146
Junaidi, & Hasanah. (2021a). Memahami Islam Secara Utuh Dan Implikasinya Dalam Dunia Pendidikan; Kajian Pendekatan Fenomenologis Annemarie Schimmel. Edupedia: Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Dan Pedagogi Islam, 6(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.35316/edupedia.v6i1.1357
Kasdi, A., Farida, U., & Mahfud, C. (2020). Islamic Studies and Local Wisdom at PTKIN in Central Java: Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects of Pioneering Religious Moderation in Indonesia. HIKMATUNA: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, 6(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.28918/hikmatuna.v6i1.2618
Mahmudi, Kusuma, N., & Syaifullah, M. (2024). Pendekatan Fenomenologi Dalam Studi Islam (Menemukan Makna Dalam Pengalaman Agama). IHSANIKA : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:272671288
Mahmudin, A. S. (2021). Pendekatan Fenomenologis Dalam Kajian Islam. At-Tajdid : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 5(01), 83. https://doi.org/10.24127/att.v5i01.1597
Malik, M. A. (2020). Western Methodology to Study Religion with Special Reference to Comparative Religion. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233253099
Marsudi, M. M. (2017). Tasawuf Jalaluddin Ar-Rumi Perspektif Annemarie Schimmel. Jurnal Al-Hikmah, 3(1), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.30651/ah.v3i1.410
Miles, M. ., Huberman, A. ., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis (Edition 3). Sage Publications.
Moleong, L. J. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Cet. 38). Rosda Karya.
Moran, D. (2018). What is the Phenomenological Approach? Revisiting Intentional Explication. Phenomenology and Mind, 15, 72–90. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150620433
Mujib, A. (2015). Pendekatan Fenomenologi Dalam Studi Islam. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 6(November), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v6i2.1485
Netton, I. R. (1996). Deciphering the signs of God: a phenomenological approach to Islam. By Annemarie Schimmel. (Islamic Surveys Series.) pp. xvii, 302, illus. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1994. £39.50. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6, 418–420. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163566970
Nisa, L., Budianti, T. A., Tarianingsih, Apriyanti, B., & Rif’iyati, D. (2024). The Implementation Of Phenomenological Approach In Islamic Studies. Al Irsyad: Jurnal Studi Islam, 3(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.54150/alirsyad.v3i1.252
Novayani, I. (2019). Pendekatan Studi Islam: Pendekatan Fenomenologi dalam Kajian Islam. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171905244
Pahutar, A. A., Siregar, D., Firdaus, K., Kamal, T., Hakim, R., Hanafi, A. H., & Julhadi. (2024). Studi Islam dengan Pendekatan Fenomenologis. Dakwatul Islam, 8(2), 156–173. https://doi.org/10.46781/dakwatulislam.v8i2.1069
Purwanto, A. (2015). Pemikiran Annemarie Schimmel tentang Sifat Feminin Dalam Tasawuf. Jurnal Thelogia, 26(2), 216–230. https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2015.26.2.430
Rahman, F. (1984). Islam and Modernity : Transformation of an intellectual Tradition. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226387024.001.0001
Ridho, A., & Thibburruhany, T. (2019). Prinsip Toleransi Beragama sebagai Pondasi Membangun Peradaban Islam di Era Modern. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213971267
Sarfraz, R., Akbar, S., & Malik, A. A. (2023). Annemarie Schimmel and Muslim Women’s Role in Sufism. Tasdiq, 5(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v5i01.142
Schimmel, A. (1996). Rahasia Wajah Suci Ilahi: Memahami Islam Secara Fenomenologis. Mizan.
Schimmel, A. (1998). Jiwaku ada- lah Wanita: Aspek Feminin dalam Spiritual-itas Islam terj. Eva Y. Nukman. Mizan.
Sihabuddin, S. (2020). Pendekatan Fenomenologi dalam Studi Islam. Autentik : Jurnal Pengembangan Pendidikan Dasar, 2(2), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.36379/autentik.v2i2.28
Smail, A. F. bin, Manaf, Z. bin A., Hashim, J. bin, & Moktar, M. S. bin. (2015). Penggunaan Teknik Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Dalam Penyelidikan Bidang Pengajian Islam [The Use of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Techniques in Islamic Studies Research]. Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 11(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2015.11.3.133.
Sulaeman, M. (2019). Mistisisme Jalal Al-Din Al-Rumi Dalam Perspektif Annemarie Schimmel. Jurnal Ilmiah Spiritualis: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Tasawuf, 5(2), 153–181. https://doi.org/10.53429/spiritualis.v5i2.66
Syafii, M. H., Hermawan, A., & Azhari, H. (2024). Revealing Annemarie Schimmel ’ s Interpretation of the Sufi Texts Through Gadamer ’ s Philosophical Hermeneutic Analysis. Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v20i2.23900
Waghid, Y., & Davids, N. (2018). Fazlur Rahman, Islamic Philosophy of Education and the Islamisation of Knowledge. International Handbook of Philosophy of Education, 361–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72761-5_30
Zubayda, P. (2024). a Look at The Work of Annamarie Schimmel. Journal of Modern Educational Achievements, 2(1), 117-124. https://www.scopusacademia.org/index.php/jmea/article/view/739/739
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.